Rsync (Remote Sync) is a most commonly used command for copying and synchronizing files and directories remotely as well as locally in Linux/Unix systems. With the help of rsync command you can copy and synchronize your data remotely and locally across directories, across disks and networks, perform data backups and mirroring between two Linux machines.
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- Windows Version Of Rsync
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Acrosync for Windows can sync entire folders with any Linux/Mac/NAS without installing server software. That is because it is the only native Windows implementation of rsync, a powerful folder sync tool that is ubiquitously installed by default in the non-Windows world. Rsync Backups for Windows. Transfer your Windows Backups to an rsync server over SSH. Rsync.net provides cloud storage for offsite backups. If you run Windows systems, you can point them to us to secure your data. Our cloud storage is better than AWS, Google or Azure because we give you an empty filesystem to do anything you want with. Dec 14, 2017 Buried in the list of optional features that can be installed in Windows 10 are the beta versions of a OpenSSH Client and an OpenSSH Server. The client allows you to connect to remote SSH servers.
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This article explains 10 basic and advanced usage of the rsync command to transfer your files remotely and locally in Linux based machines. You don’t need to be root user to run rsync command.
I actually use it to backup files from a Windows machine to a Linux server. Because setting up rsync on Windows is such a pain in the back side, I just made a NFS mount in Windows and setup the rsync server on a CentOS VM, mounted the NFS share and the files end up on the Windows Server drive in the end. It seems that rsync is the de-facto standard for efficient file backup and sync in Unix/Linux. Does anyone have any thoughts on why it wouldn't have caught on in the Windows world?
Some advantages and features of Rsync command
- It efficiently copies and sync files to or from a remote system.
- Supports copying links, devices, owners, groups and permissions.
- It’s faster than scp (Secure Copy) because rsync uses remote-update protocol which allows to transfer just the differences between two sets of files. First time, it copies the whole content of a file or a directory from source to destination but from next time, it copies only the changed blocks and bytes to the destination.
- Rsync consumes less bandwidth as it uses compression and decompression method while sending and receiving data both ends.
Basic syntax of rsync command
Some common options used with rsync commands
- -v : verbose
- -r : copies data recursively (but don’t preserve timestamps and permission while transferring data
- -a : archive mode, archive mode allows copying files recursively and it also preserves symbolic links, file permissions, user & group ownerships and timestamps
- -z : compress file data
- -h : human-readable, output numbers in a human-readable format
Suggested Read:How to Sync Files/Directories Using Rsync with Non-standard SSH Port
Install rsync in your Linux machine
We can install rsync package with the help of following command.
1. Copy/Sync Files and Directory Locally
Copy/Sync a File on a Local Computer
This following command will sync a single file on a local machine from one location to another location. Here in this example, a file name backup.tar needs to be copied or synced to /tmp/backups/ folder.
In above example, you can see that if the destination is not already exists rsync will create a directory automatically for destination.
Copy/Sync a Directory on Local Computer
The following command will transfer or sync all the files of from one directory to a different directory in the same machine. Here in this example, /root/rpmpkgs contains some rpm package files and you want that directory to be copied inside /tmp/backups/ folder.
2. Copy/Sync Files and Directory to or From a Server
Copy a Directory from Local Server to a Remote Server
This command will sync a directory from a local machine to a remote machine. For example: There is a folder in your local computer “rpmpkgs” which contains some RPM packages and you want that local directory’s content send to a remote server, you can use following command.
Copy/Sync a Remote Directory to a Local Machine
This command will help you sync a remote directory to a local directory. Here in this example, a directory /home/tarunika/rpmpkgs which is on a remote server is being copied in your local computer in /tmp/myrpms.
3. Rsync Over SSH
With rsync, we can use SSH (Secure Shell) for data transfer, using SSH protocol while transferring our data you can be ensured that your data is being transferred in a secured connection with encryption so that nobody can read your data while it is being transferred over the wire on the internet.
Also when we use rsync we need to provide the user/root password to accomplish that particular task, so using SSH option will send your logins in an encrypted manner so that your password will be safe.
Copy a File from a Remote Server to a Local Server with SSH
To specify a protocol with rsync you need to give “-e” option with protocol name you want to use. Here in this example, We will be using “ssh” with “-e” option and perform data transfer.
Copy a File from a Local Server to a Remote Server with SSH
Suggested Read:Use Rsync to Sync New or Changed/Modified Files in Linux
4. Show Progress While Transferring Data with rsync
To show the progress while transferring the data from one machine to a different machine, we can use ‘–progress’ option for it. It displays the files and the time remaining to complete the transfer.
5. Use of –include and –exclude Options
These two options allows us to include and exclude files by specifying parameters with these option helps us to specify those files or directories which you want to include in your sync and exclude files and folders with you don’t want to be transferred.
Here in this example, rsync command will include those files and directory only which starts with ‘R’ and exclude all other files and directory.
6. Use of –delete Option
If a file or directory not exist at the source, but already exists at the destination, you might want to delete that existing file/directory at the target while syncing .
We can use ‘–delete‘ option to delete files that are not there in source directory.
Source and target are in sync. Now creating new file test.txt at the target.
Target has the new file called test.txt, when synchronize with the source with ‘–delete‘ option, it removed the file test.txt.
7. Set the Max Size of Files to be Transferred
Rsync Server Windows
You can specify the Max file size to be transferred or sync. You can do it with “–max-size” option. Here in this example, Max file size is 200k, so this command will transfer only those files which are equal or smaller than 200k.
8. Automatically Delete source Files after successful Transfer
Now, suppose you have a main web server and a data backup server, you created a daily backup and synced it with your backup server, now you don’t want to keep that local copy of backup in your web server.
Download gangnam style mp3 free. So, will you wait for transfer to complete and then delete those local backup file manually? Of Course NO. This automatic deletion can be done using ‘–remove-source-files‘ option.
9. Do a Dry Run with rsync
If you are a newbie and using rsync and don’t know what exactly your command going do. Rsync could really mess up the things in your destination folder and then doing an undo can be a tedious job.
Suggested Read:How to Sync Two Apache Web Servers/Websites Using Rsync
![Server Server](/uploads/1/2/4/8/124800487/486574590.jpg)
Use of this option will not make any changes only do a dry run of the command and shows the output of the command, if the output shows exactly same you want to do then you can remove ‘–dry-run‘ option from your command and run on the terminal.
10. Set Bandwidth Limit and Transfer File
You can set the bandwidth limit while transferring data from one machine to another machine with the the help of ‘–bwlimit‘ option. This options helps us to limit I/O bandwidth.
Also, by default rsync syncs changed blocks and bytes only, if you want explicitly want to sync whole file then you use ‘-W‘ option with it.
That’s all with rsync now, you can see man pages for more options. Stay connected with Tecmint for more exciting and interesting tutorials in future. Do leave your comments and suggestions.
Active2 years ago
I was an avid user of Linux for many years but switched to Windows. One thing that I have always missed is using rsync to make incremental snapshots for the purposes of backup. You use a command like this:
and it will create a complete directory structure of the current state of the folder you are backing up, using hard links to reference the previous backup. Only new or changed files are actually written to disk; all the others are saved as hard links. This is just plain awesome, and none of the solutions I have found in Windows have been able to do this. (For reference, I've tried Windows File History, and paid money for commercial software including Crashplan and the otherwise brilliant Beyond Compare.)
Now that Microsoft have introduced WSL I have tried to do this in bash for Windows. It appears to have worked perfectly, but Windows is reporting the size on disk incorrectly, as shown here:
To explain, in one shapshot
snapshot-170831__07h08m48s
I added a large video file, 1.40 GB, which took several seconds to copy. In the next shapshot, snapshot-170831__07h09m09s
the file took no time to copy, which suggests the hard link was created correctly and that no space has been taken up on my hard drive.However all my Windows tools (Windows Explorer, Directory Opus, WinDirStat) report that the second snapshot folder is taking up 1.40 GB on disk.
The first question then is why is Windows incorrectly reporting the size on disk for these hard links?
![Windows 10 rsync server Windows 10 rsync server](/uploads/1/2/4/8/124800487/280591600.jpg)
But the more important question is should I be doing this: using Linux tools under Windows for my regular file backups. I've already seen on WSL that modifying files like .bashrc using Windows tools will make the file unreadable inside WSL. I wonder whether it is too risky to trust my backups to a tool like this, or whether I risk corrupting the file system and losing important files.
Kit Johnson
Kit JohnsonKit JohnsonRsync For Windows 10 Free
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1 Answer
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It's difficult to calculate the size of hard-linked files in Windows. One tool that allows you to do this is TreeSize Professional (not free, analysis of hard links is switched off by default). I used this tool and it correctly estimated the size of the hard-linked files.
For a more thorough discussion, see How can I check the actual size used in an NTFS directory with many hardlinks?
As for the other part of the question, is it risky to backup files using Linux tools under Windows on WSL? I decided to test this simply by copying one of the snapshot directories to a separate external hard drive. There were no problems copying the files, or reading them from the external drive. In other words, the hard links are behaving exactly as expected, and the files are working.
Windows 10 Rsync Server Settings
So down to the final point, could using Linux tools under WSL as part of my regular backups break something, such as corrupting the file system? Do I trust WSL not to break things majorly? Anything can break at any time, so I will make sure these snapshot directories get copied periodically to a separate drive.
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Kit JohnsonKit Johnson7091 gold badge9 silver badges22 bronze badges